MANUAL
TESTING
Introduction:
Software:
It is a set of instructions or programs
grouped to Performa specific task for the end user.
It is categorized into 2:
A)
System software:
It is Also called as operating system
software, which works as an interface between the application and the
hardware components.
hardware components.
It sets a platform to work with any
application software.
Ex: windows, Linux, UNIX, Solaris
B) Application software:
Which is developed to work as an interface
between the end user and the database.
m
Ex: ms office, google, gmail,
hotmail, calculator....
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Testing:
It is the process of identifying the defects
in the software system constructed.
Or
It is a verification and validation process
to ensure the completeness and correctness of the system.
Or
It is the process of identifying the
unidentified defects the system.
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Manual testing:
Human interacting with the developed system
to check it's completeness and correctness is called as manual
testing.
testing.
Defect:
Is considered as deviation from the expectation
(customer requirements)
Any defect identified should be reported to
the development team for it's rectification.
Benefits of testing:
1. Will improve the quality of the software
that is constructed.
2. Will improve the customer satisfaction
3. Will reduce the cost and efforts .
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Testing objective:
The objective of testing is to identify the
defects in the software system constructed.
Quality:
A software application which is relatively
maximum bug free and which is developed in the specified time and
cost limits and meets the customer expectations, then that software is called as a quality software.
cost limits and meets the customer expectations, then that software is called as a quality software.
The factors affecting the quality
are;
A) meeting the customer requirements or expectation
B) time
C) budget/cost
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Software engineering:
It is the process of developing/constructing
a software application by implementing/following different stages
is collectively called as software engineering.
is collectively called as software engineering.
Software development life cycle(
SDLC ):
It is the collection of various stages in
implementing a software application.
It is otherwise called as a general model,
which is a
Combination of 6 stages:
1. Requirement collection:
It is Also called as as requirements
gathering, where a group of experts will visit the customer's site and analyze
the business performed and will collect the documents & requirements.
the business performed and will collect the documents & requirements.
People involved are like project and test
analysts or leads
There can be two types of requirements
collected and documented.
A) Business Requirements:
It is the collection of all the business
processes or business transactions performed.
All the high level activities captured and
document along with the business rules framed by the customer is
called as "business requirement specification"(BRS)
called as "business requirement specification"(BRS)
B) Functional Requirements:
These are otherwise called as system or
software requirements.
It is a detailed document which describes
every individual transaction that is documented in BRS document.
It is consists of all the functional and non
functional components that are required in constructing the current
system.
system.
It can be a combination of flow charts and
dataflow diagrams as well as use cases.
All the above would help in understanding
the requirements better.
The functional requirements are inputs for
any type of an activity performed in constructing the system.
2.
2. Feasibility analysis:
3.
Feasibility: it is the possibility of
implementing/developing the software.
It is Also called as business commit, where
the customer and the vendor will commit a business or come to an
agreement in constructing the software.
agreement in constructing the software.
As part of business commit, the project
managers and the business analyst would be involved in getting the
base requirements of the business performed by the customer and the project managers would be involved
in analyzing the
base requirements of the business performed by the customer and the project managers would be involved
in analyzing the
Following things:
A)
Domain:
It is the common set of features or
functionalities performed in a business grouped together is called as a
domain
domain
Ex: banking, finance, retail, telecom,
logistics, health care, stock, networking, web, investments...
The study is made on the business performed
by the customer.
B) technology:
A detailed technical study is made in
analyzing the technology required to implement the software
Ex: programming language and database skills
C,c++,vc++,java, ejbs, struts, .net, asp,
along with sql.....
C) resources:
There are three kinds of resources:
I)hardware resources:
The system configurations along with network
and server resources, which are required are analyzed.
Ii) software requirements:
The software required to implement the
application
Ex: operating system, database
Windows, linux... Oracle, sql server....
Iii) human resources:
The man power required to implement the
software is also analyzed with the sufficient experience and the
technical skills.
technical skills.
D) time and budget:
The total time and the amount of cost that
would be incurred in implementing the software.
All the above are analyzed and documented
which are considered as project proposals or estimates and would
be sent to the customer for evaluation.
be sent to the customer for evaluation.
If customer approves the proposal, then
business commit is considered to be completed and the implementation
phase will be started.
phase will be started.
3. Design:
Designing the architecture as well as the
interfaces and database is called as design.
This is carried by the design architects,
which is done in 2 phases after the requirement collection.
A) HLD ( high level design ) :
It is Also called as architectural design,
where the complete application or system architecture is designed.
B) LLD ( low level design ) :
It is Also called as detailed design, where
both the interface(user interface), as well as the database
components are designed.
components are designed.
As part of the interface, the components or
the unit in a screen or a page are designed.
As part of back end, the tables required, data
types, constraints and relations between the tables are designed.
4. Coding:
It is Also called as implementation phase
where the set of instructions or source code is developed based on
the requirements and the design documents.
the requirements and the design documents.
This is where the static application is
converted to dynamic, it is responsibility of a programmer to develop the
logic(source code)
logic(source code)
5. Testing:
After the application is constructed, it
should be validated for it's completeness and correctness, and the
process of doing it is called as testing, where a test engineer, developers, clients, third party people are
involved.
process of doing it is called as testing, where a test engineer, developers, clients, third party people are
involved.
6. Release and maintenance:
Release:
Is the process of delivering the software constructed
and tested to the customer by the vendor for further usage is called as release
This is otherwise called as go-live or
production.
Maintenance:
It is the support that is extended by the
vendor's team, in helping the customer if customer faces any challenges in
accessing the software for a specific time frame as per the
Initial agreement is called as maintenance.
Cost of defect repair graph:
The cost of fixing the defects will be
increased stage by stage, if they are identified early the cost is minimal.
